Nutrition in plants mineral nutrition 218 biology notes module 2 forms and functions of plants and animals the chemical substances in food are called nutrients e. Essential minerals are sometimes divided up into major minerals macrominerals and trace minerals microminerals. Vitamins and minerals are participants in all biochemical processes. Fundamental science of earth materials lecture notes fall, 1995 profs. Food additives and flavourings information from the european commission. From all that list i will make emphasis in one in particularcalcium. They lower the the activation energy of reaction so that they can take place rapidly at physicological temperatures and generally physicological ph. This work is licensed under a creative commons attribution. Mineralogy lecture notes online these notes are saved in adobe acrobat portable document format pdf. Jul 20, 2015 apr 07, 2020 lecture 3 mineral nutrition botany notes edurev is made by best teachers of botany. These two groups of minerals are equally important, but trace minerals are needed in smaller amounts than major minerals.
Lecture notes, lecture 1 overview of nutrition lecture notes, lecture 2 carbohydrates lecture notes, lecture 3 digestion and absorption lecture notes, lecture water soluble vitamins lecturer ken ng lecture notes, lecture fat soluble vitamins and major minerals carbohydrates summary of carbohydrate functions. Minerals naturally occurring minerals must be formed naturally glass, concrete, synthetic diamonds, rubies and emeralds dont count inorganic minerals are not formed by anything that was ever alive. Igneous rocks may be classified in this manner, based upon their mineral content. This document is highly rated by botany students and has been viewed 934 times.
This lesson serves as an introductory view into the world of minerals, specifically focusing around the idea of what a mineral is and how theyre classified plan your 60minute lesson in science or earth and space science with helpful tips from kane koller. Unlike watersoluble vitamins that need regular replacement in the body, fatsoluble vitamins are stored in the liver and fatty tissues, and are eliminated much more slowly than watersoluble vitamins. Give give each participant a copy of this presentation, obtained by printing the pdf version of these slides from the training 2 folder on this cdrom. Summary notes on minerals, rocks, and resources mineral any naturally occurring, inorganic solid with distinct physical and chemical properties facts about minerals. Vitamins and minerals chart different types of vitamins and minerals enable healthy body function, such as cell and tissue repair, production of cells, and healthy brain function. Egg yolks, liver, sardines, tuna, and fish livers oils. They are used to fertilize our crops, produce energy for our homes, add flavor to our foods, and even make many of our medicines. Mineral type, composition and shape define the rock type geology.
Those, which regulate chemical process in the body, are the vitamins and minerals. Notes b vitamins are widely distributed in foods and their influence is felt in many parts of the body. Co 2, water, minerals, carbohydrate, protein, fats etc. Once it involves vitamins, every one contains a special role to play. Origin of elements and compositionstructure of the earth lecture notes figures. In general for a mineral salt to be most bioavailable it must not be a simple salt of the mineral acids. Weiland minerals are a critical part of our everyday life.
Lecture notes betacarotenes are found in vegetables and they are precursors of vitamin a. Felsic fel from feldspar and sic from silica minerals are usually light in color, ranging from colorless to white to light gray or red. All these nutrients are present in the foods that we eat. You have learnt useful concepts applied in the science of mineralogy. Your body doesnt produce these vitamins and minerals on its own, and while you can get most of these from a supplement, your body reacts better when these vitamins. Notes on vitamins and minerals the first step is to try to get adequate dietary intake of the essential vitamins and minerals through judicious food choice and while it is quite easy to throw together a weird list of foods that meets the daily value, it is quite difficult to find foods that both meet the daily value consistently and enable one to enjoy what one is eating without relying on a.
An example is the calcium thats part of bones and teeth. Vitamin and trace mineral deficiency and excess lecture notes. Vitamins may be divided into a fatsoluble group a d e, and k and a watersoluble group the b complex and c. The importance of minerals in the long term health of humans calcium ca 20 40. Vitamins and minerals that make food are very important for proper functioning of the human organism. Vitamin c and some vitamins b are soluble in water and can be destroyed. Each days intake of nutrients may affect your body only slightly, but a lifetime of poor food choices can have a devastating affect on total. Using supplements as you might be able to guess, i do not promote supplements, i promote whole foods. Use this video to hear my lecture on dietary guidelines and myplate.
This classification is based on the amount of those minerals that are required. Mineral properties define the physical properties of rocks geophysicalrheology. The process of extracting out mineral from earth is called mining e. Altogether, there are essential vitamins and many minerals which are required for the body to function properly and to maintain the optimal health. Geology 111 discovering planet earth a1 early history of the earth the earth and the rest of the solar system were formed about 4. The nutritional quality of minerals in food depends on their quantity as well as their bioavailability. Vitamin and mineral requirements in human nutrition. They function as coenzymes that help the body obtain energy from food. The usual source of calcium is calcium carbonate, which is the cheapest ingredient in pet food manufacturing. Watersoluble vitamins include vitamin c and the 8 bcomplex vitamins, including the lesserknown biotin and pantothenic acid, as well as vitamin b 6 pyridoxine, vitamin b 12 cobalamin, thiamin vitamin b 1, folate, niacin vitamin b 3 and riboflavin vitamin b 2. Useful notes on the types and uses of mineral resources. Works with calcium and phosphorus to produce strong bones and teeth.
In order to fully appreciate the hazards and resources presented by the various geologic processes you must have a basic knowledge of minerals and rocks make up all geologic materials. The b vitamins are also important for normal appetite, good vision, and healthy skin, nervous system, and red blood cell formation. Notes on vitamins and minerals chapter 7 vitamins are. A vitamin is defined as an essential noncaloric o rganic nutrient needed in tiny amounts in the diet. Too much of a good thing can make you sick when it comes to vitamins and minerals, some people subscribe to the notion that if a little is good, then more is better. And a balanced diet is a diet that contains an adequate quantity of the nutrients that we require in a day. Lecture 6 genesis of minerals university of nairobi. Vitamin function food sources symptom of deficiency. Discuss when vitamin and mineral supplements should be taken. Nutrients are naturally occurring chemical substances found in food. Vitamin b6 deficiency deficiency symptoms include skin disorders, dermatitis, cracks at corners of mouth, anemia, kidney stones, and nausea. Fats, protein, carbohydrates, fibre, vitamins, and minerals.
Geo1minerals and rocks lecture notes rider university. Both vitamins and minerals are essential in the diet in small quantities. Mineral processing is a part of extractive metallurgy mineral processing, together with metallurgy, constitute extractive metallurgy fig. Vitamins and minerals are substances that are found in foods we tend to eat.
Evaluate need and appropriateness of supplements discuss the role of vitamins and minerals in energy systems. This is why its essential for humans to have adequate vitamins and minerals in their. Sgl 201 principles of mineralogy 86 lecture 5 the chemistry of minerals 5. It was eventually found that the cyanide group in cyanocobalamin originated from the charcoal used in the purification process. Lecture notes vitamins vitamins i introduction to vitamins. Instructor minerals glg 101 physical geology minerals. The body needs to obtain appropriate vitamins from food to maintain. Introduction to vitamins vitamins are organic compounds required by the body in small amounts for metabolism, for protection, for maintenance of health and proper growth they cannot be synthesized by the body. The body can make vitamin d with exposure to sunlight. Mafic minerals rich in iron and magnesium are usually dark in color, ranging from dark gray to dark green to black. Extractive metallurgy is a wide branch of knowledge as it covers many raw materials and numerous methods of separation. This article looks at some dietary sources of each and the role they play in the body.
Both vitamins and minerals combined perform hundreds of roles in the body. Vitamin metabolism vitamins are organic compounds that function as metabolic catalysts usually in the form of coenzymes smith 1970. Properties and types of minerals a mineral is a naturally occurring substance that is solid and stable at room temperature, representable by a chemical formula, usually inorganic, and has an ordered atomic structure. Only a few species of bacteria synthesize this complex substance. Accelerated pace and modern way of life is often not leave enough time for proper nutrition, which leads to fatigue, lack of energy, and sometimes to the appearance of problems. The science of mineralogy the science of mineralogy is the study of the physics and chemistry of natural, solid, crystalline materials. Having learned about the physical properties of minerals and their optical properties, we are now ready to learn more on the chemistry of minerals. Vitamin b 12 is not synthesized by animals or by plants. There is no evidence that athletes need more vitamins and minerals than healthy individuals.
Vitamins are organic compounds and minerals are chemical elements that are required as nutrients in small amounts by an organism. Vitamins and minerals detailed notes essentials if this is your first visit, be sure to check out the faq by clicking the link above. Compared to other nutrients such as protein, carbohydrates and fat, vitamins and minerals are present in food in tiny quantities. Mineral chemistry defines the chemical composition of a rocks geochemistry. They are used in the construction of our buildings, homes. Once minerals enter the body, they remain there until excreted. View notes lecture notes on vitamins and minerals from hhp 2310 at university of iowa. Vitamin function food sources symptom of deficiency symptom of excess vitamin b12 helps produce red blood cells. The symmetry elements of any physical property of a crystal must include the symmetry elements of the point group of the crystal. This session focuses on the five food groups and the best choices in each. I came across a great response about supplements from marion nestle, who writes often on controversial and political topics.
Dec 29, 2008 vitamin and trace mineral deficiency and excess. Vitamins have essential roles in metabolic processes. Water is present in most foods and is an indispensable component of our bodies. Fish nutrition 5 major nutrients protein carbohydrates fats vitamins minerals given its genetical constitution and environment, rapid growth in fish, as in man, is ensured by a balanced diet.
This is why vitamins and minerals are called micronutrients, because we consume them only in small amounts. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Distinguish between water soluble and lipid soluble vitamins. Introduction to vitamins and minerals biology foundations. The charts below list the important vitamins and minerals required for your overall wellbeing and describe their functions, their sources, what can happen when you dont get enough the vitamin chart fat soluble vitamins a, d, e, k can be stored in the body and need not be consumed daily. To read them on your browser you will need to get the free acrobat reader plugin from adobe systems. The development of this lecture note for training health extension workers is an arduous assignment for ato melkie edris at university of gondar. The active form or real vitamin a is retinol, and it is found just in animal tissues. Golden rice variety of rice oryza sativa produced through genetic engineering to biosynthesize betacarotene, a precursor of vitamin a, in the edible parts of rice.
These lecture notes accompany my lectures on pathophysiology in the study module musculoskeletal system at the medical university of innsbruck. Now, switching to minerals, we have macro and micro minerals. Learn about the two main vitamin groups and the major mineral elements. Vitamins and minerals types sources and their functions. You will consume about 50 tons of food in your lifetime. The importance of minerals in the long term health of humans.
Lecture notes petrology introduction a recap of important concepts of mineralogy. Lecture notes, lectures 14, 17, 20 water soluble vitamins. The main function of vitamins and minerals is to regulate body functions. The building blocks of rocks rocks solid aggregates of crystals minerals with some exceptions e. Vitamins and minerals are both essential nutrients which are required in a daily diet. Nutrition is the process by which the foods we eat provide the nutrients we need to grow and stay healthy. Faowho expert consultation on human vitamin and mineral requirements 27 chapter 3 thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin b 6, pantothenic acid and biotin he bcomplex vitamins covered here are presented in table 5 along with the biochemical and physiologic roles of the coenzyme forms and a brief description of clinical deficiency symptoms. Place the plugin in the plugins folder in your netscape folder and restart netscape. Minerals are nonliving substances that help the body build the substances it needs to function at its best. In this last lecture, you are going to learn about the genesis of minerals. Cant understand rocks or any other geologic material without knowing about minerals. Many vitamins and minerals are used as prosthetic groups by metabolic enzymes.
The bioavailability of key minerals such as iron, zinc and calcium is known to be significantly affected by the fiber, phytic acid, and tannin content of foods. Evaluate need and appropriateness of supplements discuss the role of vitamins and minerals in energy systems and importance for sports performance. View notes notes on vitamins and minerals from sci 161 at quinnipiac university. The process of digestion and absorption of foods and the bodys use of it for growth and replacement of cells. Minerals cannot be destroyed by heat, air, acid, or mixing. Introduction vitamins and trace minerals are required constituents of the human diet since they are either inadequately synthesized or not synthesized in the human body. It is different from a rock, which can be an aggregate of minerals or nonminerals, and does not have a specific chemical. Mineral refers to the inorganic substances which are produced in nature and are obtained in some combined state.
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